Morchella galilaea6/30/2023 ![]() ![]() The fruit bodies of Morchella species are highly polymorphic, varying in shape, color and size, while in many cases they do not exhibit clear-cut distinguishing features microscopically this has historically contributed to uncertainties in taxonomy. This species-rich view is supported by studies in Western Europe, Turkey, Cyprus, Israel, China, Patagonia and the Himalayas. Within the yellow and black clades, there are dozens of distinct species, most endemic to individual continents or regions. ![]() The fire-associated species Morchella tomentosa, commonly known as the "gray morel", is distinct for its fine hairs on the cap ridges and unique sclerotia-like underground structures, and may also deserve its own clade based on DNA evidence. DNA studies revealed three discrete clades, or genetic groups, consisting of the "white morels" ( Morchella rufobrunnea and Morchella anatolica), the "yellow morels" ( Morchella esculenta and others), and the "black morels" ( Morchella elata and others). Subsequent multigenic DNA studies, however, have revealed more than a dozen genealogically distinct species in North America and at least as many in Europe. PhylogenyĮarly phylogenetic analyses supported the hypothesis that the genus comprises only a few species with considerable phenotypic variation. The old, widely applied name Morchella conica, featuring in many field guides and literature across several countries, has been shown by Richard and colleagues to be illegitimate. Morchella eximia, a globally-occurring fire-associated species was also described by Boudier in 1910. elata in 1897 based on a 1834 plate by Krombholz, and was recombined as a distinct species in 1985 by Emile Jacquetant. Morchella purpurascens, the purple morel, was first described by Boudier as a variety of M. esculenta previously proposed by Persoon, and Morchella angusticeps, a large-spored species described by American mycologist Charles Peck in 1887. Other classical, early-proposed names include Morchella deliciosa, also described by Fries in 1822, Morchella semilibera, the half-free morel, originally described by de Candolle and sanctioned by Fries in 1822, Morchella vulgaris, which was recombined by Samuel Gray as a distinct species in 1821 following a forma of M. The seminal taxon Morchella elata, whose true identity still remains unresolved, was described by Elias Fries in 1822, from a fir forest in Sweden. Among early pioneers who took an interest in the genus, were mycologists Julius Vincenz von Krombholz and Émile Boudier, who, in 18 respectively, published several species and varieties, accompanied by meticulously illustrated iconographic plates. was typified by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon in 1794, with Morchella esculenta designated as the type species for the genus. ![]()
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